Duplication 101

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If you've been shopping for blank CDs or blank DVDs
recently, you may have found yourself a bit
confused by all of the choices - CD-R, CD-RW,
DVD+R, DVD-R, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW. Trying to
figure out the abbreviations between them can be
a bit mind racking indeed.

To make matters worse for those who aren't up on
the lastest marvels of technology is the rate at
which the industry of technology is evolving.
Just when you think you've caught on to the
concepts of MP3s and burning CD and DVD media,
new twists on blank media hits the market and
you found yourself confused more than you were to
start with.

The "R" found in CD-R and DVD+/-R media stands for
recordable. It will tell consumers that these
disks are blank recordable media. You can record
movies, data, music, and photos on the disc, but
the discs cannot be erased.

The "RW" on CD-RW and DVD+/-RW media stands for
rewritable. This lets you know that media with
RW on them can be recorded and erased several
times. Even though the prices for blank CD and
DVD media is inexpensive, you can expect to pay
a bit more for RW type media.

The biggest source of confusion stems from DVD-R
and DVD-RW and how they are different from DVD+R
and DVD+RW media. In order to avoid a long
technical speech on the differences, you simply
need to know that each DVD types can record
movies just like the next type.

DVD+R and DVD+RW are a newer more expensive
technology that offers a few technical advantages
over DVD-R and DVD-RW. None the less, DVD-R has
greater compatibility with more DVD players than
any other format of blank DVDs.

If you have a newer DVD player or if you use your
computer to play back media, you should have no
problems with DVD+R/DVD+RW media. Some say that
they provide a better range of quality, although
the quality is indeed similar.

Keep in mind that all recordable CD and DVD media
do the same thing regardless of their particular
brand or extension. Because there is not an
industry standard that involves DVD technology,
not every DVD player is compatible with each and
every format you see on retail store shelves.

For this very reason, you should always check with
DVD player manual to see which type of recordable
media it will play back. This way, you'll know
what to buy the next time you go shopping for
blank CD or DVD media.

CD Duplication Information

It's important to realize from the start that the
duplication and replication process is the same,
regardless of content, as well as the differences
between the CD duplication and replication process.

The duplication of CDs refers to burned CDs, such
as the CD burner with a personal computer. The
burned audio CDs have playability issues in some CD
players, normally car stereos, portable CD players,
and even older types of CD players.

The duplication of CDs has much faster turn times,
simply because a stamp doesn't need to be made.
The process of duplication can start as soon as the
master is received, where the replication process
doesn't start for 5 - 7 days, during which time a
glass master and stamper must be made.

When done locally with a personal computer, you
can duplicate an audio or data CD in just a couple
of minutes. To duplicate a CD, you must have a
computer with a CD-RW drive. This drive copies
the CD disks, and without one - you simply cannot
copy disks.

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If you have a DVD-RW drive, you can copy both DVD
and CD disks. These drives are normally the way
to go, as they can copy virtually anything you
stick in the drive. Once you have your drive,
you'll also need software to copy the disks, which
there are many out there for you to choose from.

With a CD-RW drive, you can copy audio CDs, data
CDs, even make SVCD copies. The disks used for
CD will hold up to 700 MB (MegaBytes) of data, or
up to a little over an hour of music.

With everything CD duplication has to offer you,
its no wonder why it's so popular. If you've
never tried duplication before, you should rush
and get you a CD-RW drive for your computer right
now - as the many uses will simply amaze you.

Benefits Of CD Duplication

The process of CD duplication is the means of making
several copies of CDs of various types without
doing a replication of many. The term is used to
describe the need and use of short run quantity
copying of various types of CDs. Most CD
duplication is done for quantities under 500.

The value and quality of the duplicate is high,
with the sound quality being very good and matching
the quality of the original. There are many benefits
to CD duplication, including:
1. Its less expensive to do CD duplication
than it is to do a full replication, especially when
the demands are much lower.
2. In most cases, during a replication there
will be a minimum amount that is actually more than
needed. By using CD duplication, you can actually
eliminate this extra replication.
3. Believe it or not, it can actually be
much faster to use CD duplication than a full CD
replication run.

There are other things that can cause you to take a
second look as well. With most cases, CD duplication
will cost more per CD than that of a full run
replication. In the long run however, this may still
be much lower. Not all will look like the original
either, as some will have blue or even black
burn marks on them that make them appear to be
duplicates.

CD duplication, never the less, is a widely used
system of replicating CD's in a very effective and
timely manner. The technology is always improving
as well, so you can look for updates in the quality
of CD duplication systems as well - which is great
news for those who enjoy CD duplication.

CD Mastering Engineers

If a recording artist or inspiring musician has
any hopes of having their songs played on the
radio, they'll need to have their rough mix
mastered very well. The best way to do this, is
to hire a CD mastering engineer.

Professional mastering engineers can make a
decent audio mix sound great and a good mix
sound completely amazing. There are many different
things that CD mastering engineers can do. They
will work with the artist to decide what order
the songs appear on the CD, and also equalize
the volume of the different instruments in each
song and across the entire CD.

They can also help to add more definition and
clarity to the instruments in a song. Then,
they will adjust the introductions and ends of
the songs, choosing the length of time between
the songs and adding crossfades or other nice
effects if they need to.

The order in which the songs on a CD appear
can greatly affect the way the CD progresses
when it's played. If similar sounding songs
are placed side by side on a CD, it can lead
listeners into thinking the artist has a very
limited range. It's ultimately up to the
CD mastering engineer to work with the recording
artist and choose the order of songs on the CD.

It's very important that the instruments in a
song and the songs on the CD be at an appropriate
volume level. Within a song, the different
elements must be mixed appropriately in order
for the song to sound like it should.

The CD engineer can also give clarity and
definition to the different instruments in a
song. The engineer will also have the task of
assuring that the volume levels across all
of the songs are the same, in order to help
the CD sound more cohesive while still leaving
room for dynamics.

The CD mastering engineer will also determine
how much time there should be between the songs
on the CD. They will also fade and crossfasde
the intros and endings of the songs to make
them have a better flow.

For an interesting career, CD mastering engineers
is a great choice. They make excellent money,
get to work with top artists, and enjoy what
they do. If you like music, this career may be
what you've always wanted. For those who are
already in the profession - it's a job unlike
any other out there in the world.

CDR Brilliance

Several years ago, CD-R media and CD burners were
never imagined. Computers were just reached the
GHz speed, with Pentium 1 just starting to reach
the horizons. Floppy disks were the ideal way to
store data, even though it took several of them to
store most types of information. Looking at things
today, you can see at a glance just how far technology
has come over the years.

These days, computers are in 2 out of 3 homes
across the world, with almost everyone owning one.
CD burners and CD-RW drives are just as popular,
with everyone realizing just how much money they
can save by burning their own disks and copying
their own media.

There are so many benefits to CD duplication and
CD-R disks that it's mind boggling. If you've
never owned a CD-RW drive or dealt with CD-R media,
you'd be amazed with everything you can do. CD
media helps to simply life as we know it and make
things easier than ever before.

The theory of CD-R duplication is priceless. Writers,
those that are self employed, musicians, small
businesses, hobbyists, and even fortune 500
companies can all benefit from the brilliance
behind CD-R technology. Not only to do they
save you quite a bit of time, but they are
also very affordable while providing you many
different services.

CD-R media is used to store files and important
security documentation. The media disks are
widely used in the computer field to conveniently
backup software and data on disc. Musicians
as well choose to use CD-R duplication as an
affordable marketing and promotion tool to get
their music out to those who want it.

Even the corporate world as well, uses CD-Rs as
a cost effective way of mass producing training
videos and as an aid in converting to the
ideal paperless office. You can also use CD-Rs
as a business card, as they are smaller than
a credit card and store all of your memorable
business card information.

With everything they offer you, CD media is
truly something you can't live without. The
disks are small and easy to store, yet they
will hold an impressive amount of information.

For all of your audio, storage, or backup needs,
rest assured that CD-R media can help you meet
your demands. The disks will last a lifetime,
making them perfect for special memories. If
you have the need for storage or saving data
and pictures, CD media is the way to go to
ensure that your precious files will be there
each and every time you need them.

CD Ripper Software

CD ripper software will open up an entirely new
way of how you listen to music. With the use of
CD ripping software, you can take audio tracks
from a CD and them into audio files for use on
your computer. You can save them as WAV, MP3, OGG,
or WMA audio files. The term "ripping" is the
term used to describe this very process.

There are advanced CD ripper software as well,
which allows you to convert back and forth between
these formats. You can also get software that
can record vinyl LPs and cassettes to create those
same audio files for your computer.

You can get a variety of ripper software programs
online by searching the internet. Most software
is user friendly and offers you a variety of
options. You should however, do some searching
and comparing before you decide which CD ripper
program is best for your needs.

Each type of CD ripper software will offer it's
own style and interface. You should always make
sure the CD ripper software you choose is easy
to use and easy to understand. It doesn't matter
how good the software is - if you can't use it.

When you explore the options of CD ripper software,
make sure you also check the software's editing
abilities. With most programs, you can select
the output format for the music. This will
include the bitrate, channels, and even the
frequency.

Quality ripper programs will also tag the
encoded audio files with medadata, which will
contain information about the artist, song title,
track number, and even the album title. This
will automatically be input for the file.

Another great feature with some ripper programs
is the ability to delete the silence at the
beginning or end of song tracks. Some programs
will even give you the ability to edit the
songs themselves, giving you full control of
the sound provided by your files.

For those who enjoy to listen to their music
from a CD, a CD ripper can aso be used to
select your favorite songs and create a mixed
CD. Some rippers will even let you rip audio
tracks directly from a CD then burn them to a
new CD - without having to save them as a new
audio file.

With millions of people ripping CDs these days,
CD ripping is the wave of the future. You no
longer have to keep your music on your computer,
as you can rip them to a CD or even put them
in your favorite MP3 player and take the music
with you - wherever you go.

CD Terminology

Below, you'll find the most common terminology that
relates to CD duplication. Even if you are new to
duplication, the terms below may help you learn more.

BLER
Block Error Rate. This is the raw digital error rate
before any type of error correction.

CD
This the Compact Disc, a digital medium that's formed
of a 12cm polycarbonate substrate, a reflective
metalized layer, and a protective lacquer coating.

CD-R
Compact Disc-Recordable. The term CD-R is used to
describe the technology of recordable CD along with
the equipment, software, and media that are used to
make the recordable disks.

Data layer
With CD-R media, this is the organic dye that is
sandwiched between the polycarbonate substrate and
the metalized reflective layer of the media. CD-R
disks don't have any data on them at all until the
are recorded.

Injection Molding
This is a manufacturing method where the molten
material is forced into a mold, normally under
high pressure, then cooled so that the material
will take on the shape of a mirror image in the
mold.

Media or blanks
CD-R media are the disks that are used to record
digital information using a special recorder and
premastering software with a computer. These discs
are made of a polycarbonate substrate, a layer of
organic dye, a metalized reflective layer, and a
coating of lacquer for protection.

Organic dye
The data layer of CD-R media is made from a dye
that is melted during the process of recording.
Where the dye is melted, becomes opaque or
refractive, scattering the reading laser so that
it isn't reflected back into the reading sensors.

Reflective layer
This is the metal later that sits on top of the
dye that reflects the laser beam back to the
reading assembly. This is normally 24k gold in
CD-R disks, although it can be silver as well.

Copy CDs And Save Money

Just a short while ago, the only people who had
access to CD duplication were professional musicians,
record company executives, and the higher end
recording studios. As technology increased and
became more affordable, private CD duplication
companies began to pop up all over the United States
and other major music centers throughout the country.

These days, CD duplication has never been more
accessible or more affordable. Most home computers
and laptops come with a CD-RW burner and software
that is very user friendly, making CD duplication
very convenient.

Even if you are new to computers, you'll find
CD duplication very easy to figure out. You don't
have to be a computer expert to use the CD-RW
burner or the software, as most of it is self
explanitory. All you need to do is give it a run
and see easy things actually are.

Those who are needing a large quantity of CDs
duplicated or simply wish to have a professional
company burn their CDs, there are several out there
that offer great rates, package deals, and quality
recordings. You can get as many as you want, with
quality that matches that of the master copy.

Most CD duplication companies offer packages that
will include inserts, tray cards, and even
packaging should you choose to take your duplicates
to retail sale.

You can also choose to have your graphic work
imprinted on the inserts or have the CD duplication
company design a totally new design for your very
product. If you are worried about the inventory,
barcodes can be imprinted on the CD case or the
sleeve by the same company.

For whatever duplication needs you may have, there
are companies out there that offer duplication or
you can do it yourself. Either way you choose,
you'll get the copies you need in no time at all.

Copy Like A Professional

Anyone who has burned CDs in the past has had to
have encountered this problem - your CD doesn't
want to play in certain CD players. You've probably
tried switching to a different brand of disks,
switching the writing speed of your CD burning
software, and yet nothing seems to work.

Most professional CDs that are purchased from a
retail outlet such as Circuit City or Best Buy
works in any type of CD player, which probably makes
you wonder what they are doing that your not. All
of us wonder this, especially when out duplicated
CDs don't want to play back like they should.

Much to the contrary, it's because the music
industry burns their CDs differently. Instead
of simply duplicating CDs, the music industry
chooses to replicate CDs. Even though the
terminology may seem synonymous, the process is
actually totally different.

CD replication is used for the mass production of
CDs, which is normally more than 500. Instead
of writing the data to a CD using a laser as
with duplication, CD replication uses a glass
master to stamp (or press) the data onto the
disc. This helps to eliminate almost all of the
issues associated with playability that are
encountered when burning CDs at home. CD
replication is a far superior process of burning
CDs.

Important to note, is the superior quality of
CDs that are pressed using replication doesn't
come cheap. Even when using independant CD
duplication companies such as Absolute Disc or
Oasis, there is still going to be a very high
cost associated with the replication of disks.

For your next project, try having your CDs
replicated rather than duplicated. This will
ensure your project is very high quality, even
though you'll need to order more than 500 CDs
to recive this process.

Differences Between CD DVD Media

Even though both CD and DVD disks have the same
media size and shape, the things they have in
common ends there. There are many different
things between the two, such as what they hold
and how much they hold.

Data pits and lasers
A disc has microscopic grooves that will move
along in a spiral around the disc. CDs and
DVDs both have these grooves, with laser breams
applied to scan these very grooves.

As you may know, digital information is represented
in ones and zeroes. Inside of these discs, very
tiny reflective bumps known as lands and non
reflective holes known as pits, which can be
found beside the grooves, reflect both the ones
and the zeroes of digital information.

By reducing the wave length of the laser to 625mm
or more infrared light, DVD technology has
managed to write in smaller pits when compared
to the standard technology of CD. This will
allow for a greater amount of data per track
on the DVD. The minimum length allowed for a
pit in a single layer DVD-R is .4 micron, which
is obviously more than the .0834 micron that a
CD offers.

The tracks of a DVD are narrower as well, which
allows for more tracks per disc, which also
translates into more capacity than a CD. The
avaerage single layer DVD holds 4.5 GB of data,
while a CD holds a mere 700 MB.

Layers
As stated above, a DVD has smaller pits and the
lasers need to focus on them. This is actually
achieved by using a thinner plastic substrate
than in a CD, which means that the laser needs
to pass through a thinner layer, with less
depth to reach the pits. It's this reduction in
thickness that's responsible for the discs
that were only 0.6mm thickness - which is half
that of a CD.

Data access speed
DVDs will access data at a much faster rate than
a CD can. The average 32X CD-ROM drive reads
data at 4MB a second, while a 1X DVD drive reads
at 1.38MB a second. This is even faster than
an 8X CD drive.

Universal data format
The recording formats of CDs and DVDs are quite
different, as DVDs use UDF, or the Universal
Data Format. This format allows data, video,
audio, or even a combination of all three to
be stored in a single file structure. The
advantage to this is any file can be accessed
by any drive, computer, or even consumer video.
CDs on the other hand aren't compatible with
this format.

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